Apparatus for purifying water.



PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

0. R. DARNALL. APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATEP APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 27, 1906.

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PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

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I 0. R. DARNALL. APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-27, 1906.

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Wilma/aces PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.27, 1906.

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CARL ROGER DARNALL, OF WASHINGTON, .DISTRIQT COLUMBIA.

APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WAJTE R.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patenteddli'eb. 2c, 1908.

hpplioation flleu August 27. 1906. $eria1 Ila-(832M50- 1'0 an whom it may concern:

Be itknbwn that'I, CARL ROGER BARN-ALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of "Columbia, "5 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ap aratus' for Puriiying Water; and I do here declare the fo owmg to be a full, clear, an exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled F inthe art=to which it appertains to practice, make, and use the same. i p

This invention relates to the art ofpurif ywater by the agency of chemical su' stances to form a preci itate in the water, 1 5 in conjunction'with the rther agency of 'filtration.

The'invention seeks to sim ify, expedite and increase the-efiicacyof sucliprocesses, as well as to provide a more efiicient, practicable and convenient apparatus for practicing the same; the chiefobjects being to attainthereb a more perfect purifica'tion andproduce tered water of unimpaired'flavor and quality, freed from bacteria or germs as well as foreign 'matterand other impurities,- nd

free also from chemical substances inso ution; to obtain better means of supplying and mixing the chemical ingredients with the water; and to render the operation auto- 'matic in respect to treatment of either a continuous or interrupted flow of feed-water, as from a water-main or other source of sup; :ply, the treatment being uniformly proportionate to the amount of water su plied.

The improved method of water herein set forth constitutes t e an ject matter of a divisional a lication filed by me March 20, 1907, Seria 0. 363384, forwhich reason-the claims of the present application are confined to the apparatus.

In. practicing my lnvention, I introduce into and commingle wit'h the water substantiallyfldefinite or;measured amounts-of sepa? rate chemicals, a precipitant and 're agent thereof (both preferably in the form ofsolu: tions), and which'by their chemical reaction produce a bulky, flocculent precipitate .or coagulumin which are enmeshed any bacteimpurities present in the water; the, said chemicals ormatter (as -a um, iron, -&c.) in solution, or

i'ia as wellas suspended particles or other edients being also of such relative-proportions or insuch relative quanany noxious flavor orjother efiect therefrom.

.The 'li' uid is theniconduc-ted ofi and filtered in site manner as -to'remove's'uch p'recipi tate together with the impurities collected therein. p m

The chemicals which I employ *are nonpoisonous and non-deleterious,thereby'avoid mg any stringent or irritant efiects; for

which-purpose I find it preferable 'to'use, two or more suitable reactiona and; neutralizing salts, of which the to owing are givenas'exam les, together with appro -riate proportions 0 their respective ingre ients. In these examples, the'two solutions, that is the precipitant and the reagent therefonwill be conveniently designated as solution (a) and solution (b). i

I. (a) aluminium sulfate, 5 oz.-in one gal.

water; (12) sodium bicarbonate, 4} oz. in one gal. water;-or-sodiumcarbonate, 7 oz. or- 715 potassium bicarbonate, 5 oz.; or potassium carbonate, 31}-oz.

II. (a) ferrous sulfate, oz. in one gal. water; (1)) potassium permanganate, 5} oz. in one al.water.

II (a) aluminium and potassium sulfate (alum), 8 oz. inone gal. water; (1)) sodium bicarbonate, 4;} oz. in one-gal. water; or sodium carbonate, 7% oz.; or potassium-bicarbonate, 5oz or potassium carbonate, as

IV. (a). aluminium and ammonium sulffate (ammonia alum), 8 oz.'in one -gal.'wa-' ter; (1)) sodium bicarbonate,' 1 oz. in one gal. water; or sodium carbonate, 7 5' oz.; or potas- 9'0 sium :bicarbonate,- 5 oz.; or potassium 'ear- "bonate 3% oz.

V. (a) ammonioferric-sulfate, 8 oz. in one gal. water; (6) sodium bicarbonate, oz. in one gal.'water;or sodium carbonate, 7% oz.; or otassium bicarbonate, 5 oz. or potassium car onate, 3% oz.

VI: (a) ferric chlorid, 6 'oz. in-one gal. water; (1)) sodium. bicarbonate, 6oz. in one gal. Water; or sodium carbonate, 10 oz. or potassium bicarbonate; 7 oz.; or potassium carbonate, 5-oz.

IFor effective treatment of the water, these solutions would preferably {be supplied in aboutthe proportions of two and one-half drains of each solution to every gallon of Water passing through the-a paratus. It will-be understood, however, t at any such substances maybe employed as-will produce the-results deslred, an in such'relatlve pro- H0 ythe reaction of the solutions,

ortions as to form the. aforesaid'glificipitate w e at the same time substantially neutralizing each other, 4 which proportionsgwill depend of course upon the nature of the particular in-, gredients ,or' chemicals used, determined according to well-known laws. I do not'confine myself, therefore, to any specific substances and proportions, either as before stated or otherwise.

'In conducting tlfe operation, the raw water to be treated, furnishedfrom a main or other source, is received in a suitable vessel, wherein the two solutions are separately but preferably simultaneously introduced, the inflowingof the several liquids causin their admixture and distribution of the so utions throughout the bulk of the water, while. the meeting of said solutions causes their reactionand produces the aforesaid precipitate.

. In said vessel, the flow of the incoming water is automatically controlled to avoid the rise of water above a certain maximum level; and

as V .I a uniformly proportionate amount of each solution to every such quantity of water that when such level isai ained, the liquid is dis charged by-a siplfon into a receptacle located at a lower level, the discharge through the siphon continuing until the u per vessel is substantially emptied, or unt the level of the liquid in said upper vessel falls below the mouth of the inner or shorter branch ofthe sifphon. Thus a uniformor definite quantity 0 water. is intermittently received inand dischar ed from the upper vessel and in said vessel tIie supply of the chemical solutions is so automatically controlled as to furnish flows into and siphons out of said vessel.

For example, assuming each discharge to or from the upper vessel to be about ten gallons, then the reservoirs containing the chemical solutions would desirably be arran ed to feed about twenty-five drains of eac solution into the said ten gallons of water as it is received intothe upper vessel; although of course these proportions are not essential,

and are given merely to illustrate a satisfactory practice. The discharge ,through the siphon increases the admixture of the fluids,

- tacle, the liquid is again transferred-by 's i-' thus insuring the distribution of chemicals and their reaction throu bout the entire body of the water. From t e said: lower recep phonic action through a suitable filter or filters, thereby separating the precipitate together with the impurities collected therein.

Reference will now be had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and wherein is illustrated one referred form of apparatus embodying my 1nvention; iti bein understood however that the invention is .susceptible of embodiment in various forms, preserving substansuch apparatus, and hence I do not confine .tially the-principle and essential character of cans.

myself to this or any specific construction,

or arrangement of parts, or the details and accessories thereof.

In said drawings, "Figure 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus, with parts in elevation. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a rack for supporting within the mixing-tank the feed-cans which contain and supply the chemical solutions, Fi 3 is an en arged vertical cross-section on me 33 of Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrow, and showing the feed-cans in elevation within the mixing-tank. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section through said mixing-tank and feed-cans, on line 4--4 of Fig. 5. v Fig. 5 is a -top plan-view of the entire apparatus. Fig.

6 1s a detail sectionai view of one of the siphon-filters.

A more particular description of the drawings is as follows: A feed-p pe or inlet-pipe 1 conducts the raw water from a source of su ply, as a water-main, to any suitable tan vessel or'receptacle 2, hereinafter called the mixing-tan wherein the chemical solutions are introduced. Said feed-pipe 1' is rovided with a cock 3, andits mouth or inlet-orifice is controlledby any appropriate device or valve, such as a common floatvalve 4, for .sto ping the supply of water when the waterevel-in. the tank reaches a certain maximum level, at which the float 5 by means of the lever 6 closes the valve. In said mixing tank 2 are arran ed suitable vessels, 7 and 8, hereinafter calle the feed- They contain and sup ly the aforesaid solutions (a) and (b) to t e water, and are provided with means for automatically controlling such supply so as to insure a uniformly proportionate amount of solution in the water fed into and discharged from the mixing-tank;: as, for instance, to supply twenty-five drains of each solution to each ten gallons 6f water, which may be taken as anexam le of the quantity or amount of each'disc arge from the mixing-tank. In this connection, the said feed-cans 7 and 8 are in the form of closed vessels with small outlet orifices 9 in their bottoms (like inverted bottles), said feed-cans being so arranged that their dischar e orifices 9 are be-.

low-the maximum 'or.hig est water-level in located below the center of the feed-can, di-

vides the same interiorly into a lower chamber or compartment 11 "and a relatively larger upper chamber 0 compartment 12;

there being'a short' depending dischargespout or mouth 1'3. in the bottom of the upcompartment 12. By

as the upper Compartment 12 contains any.

liquid, since as soonas the fluid-level in' the lower compartment-falls below the discharge mouth 13, the liquid immediately flows from the upper com artment 'and'restores such level, t e flow 0 liquid being checked as soon as the water rises to the said mouth 13. The pipe 14 supplies air above the surface of the iquid in t e lower-compartment, only when the water-level in the mixing-tank 2 falls below the discharge orifice 9. Similarly the compartment 12, only when t of the u per e 1i uid evel in the lower compartment 11 falls elow the discharge mouth 13. The feed-can is filled byturmng it bottom side u and ouring the pipe 15'supplies airfor the topl I fluid into the tube 14. As1ght-g ass or gage 16 attached to the side of the .fee'd-can indicates the level in the upper compartment thereof.

Both feed-cans 7 and 8 bein disposed with their discharge-orifices 9 on a evel, it follows that the supply of the two solutions is coextensively as well as automatically con-' trolled; since the flow of solutions from the cans de ends upon the length of time during which t 'e liquid level inthe mixing-tank 2 is below the ischarge orifices 9, such time being gqverned partially by the rate of flow from the feed-pipe 1, whose .valve is of course opened while the water-level is below such discharge orifices, and being governed partially by the rate of discharge ofthe water from the mixin -tank, which, as hereinafter mentioned, is ei'lected by a si hon at a more rapid rate than the supply om the feed- 1 As a -practicable shownin Figs. 3 and 4. i This comprises a case 17 adapted to receive the feed-cans and having opemngs 18 therein forthe necks of the discharge months or orifices 9; said case being formed to fit within the mixing-tank 2 and having inverted U-shaped brackets 19 at its opposite "ends whichpass1over the upper edges of'the' sides of the tank and therebysuspend the rack and cans at the desired elevation, the set-screws 19 allowing vertical adjustment.

Belowthe mixing-tank, or so located relatively thereto as to have a lower water-level,

is a tank, vessel or 'receptacleZO, hereinafter 7 means of supporting the feed-cans] and 8, a rack. such as shown in -F1g. .2 may be used, the same being also called the filter-tankfl'since it contains the filter or filters through-Which the liquid is clarified. In an a paratus of moderatecapacity', the natura' position of the mixingtank would be directly-on top of the filtertank, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5.; althou h such a'rran ement is not necessary, since t e mixing-tan may be placed at any conveni'ent location and at an ap ropriate level above the filter-tank. Said filter-tank 20 is designed to hold a suflicient quantity of water to cover the filters, and also suchadditional quantity of li uid'as may be delivered from the mixing-tan 2 at one complete discharge or emptying thereof. conducted from the upper to the lower tank by means of a siphon 21, whose long armdepends into and below the normal or highest water-level in the filter tank,v While its shorter arm extends preferably to near the bottom of the mixing-tank; Thebend of 3 said siphon is preferab just below the maximum water-level of the mixing-tank, where'- by the rise of water to such level will start the action of the siphon.' After the siphon is The liquid is started, the discharge will of course continue .until the .mixing-t'ank is substantially ern'ptied, thus draining off not only such ,quantlty of water as wasJcontained in said mixingtank, but. also such additional quantity as 1sv supplied there-to from the feed-pipe 1 during the action of the siphon the capacity of discharge of the siphon being considerably greater than the rate of su ply from the fee 5 pipe, as before mentioned As'soon as the water-level in the mixing-tank falls below the inlet of the siphon, the discharge ceases, allowing the nnxing-tank' to be replenished by the supply fromthe feed-pipe until its. -maxim'um' water-level is again attained;

whereupon the siphon is againcaused to act andempty the mixing-tank; thisoperation being re eated solong as the water in' the filter-tan is belowthe outlet of the siphon.

But if thewater in the filter-tank is at its normal level, so that the long arm of the siphon is submerged, then the rise of water in the mixing-tank will not start the siphon,

owing to. the presence of the confined column of air within thesiphon. I Asbeforenoted', the transfer of liquid from the mixing-tank into" the filter-tank has the: effect of more thorou'ghly. intermingling theingredients, so as to insure the purifyiti'on-of the of the water. a

Within the tank '20 are oneoi. more-siphon'filters 22, arranged either horizontally or vertically, though preferably vertically as shown, and with their siphons assing ov'eror 11g). acprecipitant throughout the 1 ulk 125. through the sidesof sald ta r. 'A deScrip- 1 tion of one'of such siphon filterswillsuffice It comprises a siphon 9 whose short arm-v .within the tank is conne ted with the filter pro per 22 through which the liquid is drawn.

by the action'of the siphon. Asshown in Fig. 6, the said filter proper comprises a cen- I tral core or tube 24, having thereon two flanges or disks 25 spaced apartas shown, and between which the tube is perforated or fenestrated to admit ingress of water. Be-

tween said disks 25 the perforated tube 24 is retaining devices such as a reticulated metal acket, or b means of ta es or by metal ands 27 as shown. The tu e 24, which may be of metal, glass, earthenware, or any appropriate material, is connected with the inner arm of the siphon 23, being either jointed thereto or integral therewith ;-in other words, the tube 24 is virtually apart of the siphonJ The inner or lower end of the tube is closed.

Outside the filter-tank the siphon 23 extends down below themalximun or normal water-level of the tank, and preferably as 'far down as the bottoms of the filters, since the longe'r'the outer leg of the siphon the more forceful will be its action in drawing the water through the filter. At its lower point, the siphon may connect by a pipe joint with an extension-pi e 28 for conducting the purified and filtere water to a suitable receptaole, or to the location where the purlfied water is to be supplied; said pipe being rovided with a cock 29 for shutting off the ow of water at will; and in this connection it will be observed that the shutting off of the-water in the si hon 23 will automatically stop the action 0 the'entire' apparatus, assuming the water-level in the filter-tank to be above the long branch of the siphon 21, exce ting of course that if said siphon 21 is alrea y in action the flow will continue therethrough until the mixin -tank is emptied, and said mix- 7 ing-tank wil then be replenished until the -water attains its maximum level therein;

further action of the apparatus being checked until thesiphon 21 is again set in operation by .a lowering of the level in the filter-tank. To' start the siphon 23, it is provided at the upper part of its long'branch or'le'g with an opening whichis closed b the plug or cap 30. On removing said pug liquid can bepoured in to start the siphon, as hereinafter explained.

The apparatus as a whole is'fpreferably so stationed as to locate the filter-tank 20 at a higher level than the discharge end or ends of the si hon or siphons 23, the action of the siphons being stron er in proportion to the extent of their disc arging branches below mixing-tank, the latter wil the level of said tank. For example, an aparatus of ordinary capacity as represented in the drawings isdesirably placed upon a stand about four feet six inches high. The operation of the apparatus may be briefly summarized as follows: The feed-cans 7 and .8 having been filled with their res ective solutions, and having been place in proper position within the mixin tank 2, the water is turned on by opening t e cock 3 of the feed-pipe 1. As the water flows into the mixin -tank, the solutions (a) and (b) are also fe or discharged from the feed-cans 7 and 8, until the water rises to the dischargeorifices 9 of said feed-cans, whereupon the supply ofsolutions ceases: although the infiow of water continues until stopped by operation of the float-valve 4. By that time, the water-level has reached the summit of the curve or bend of the siphon 21, thus starting said siphon, assuming the discharge end thereof to be exposed to the air or above any water-level in the filter-tank 20. The siphon now discharges the liquid into the filter-tank 20, substantially emptying or draining the upper tank, whereupon the siphon becomes inactive and remains so until the inflowing water again reaches such a level in the upper tank as to renew the si honic action. As soon as the water-level alls below the discharge openings 9 of the feed-cans 7 and 8, they renew and continue the supply of solutions until the water again rises to such openings; whereby a uniform quantity of the solutions is delivered for each quantity of water that flows into and discharges'from the mixin -tank at one operation of the siphon 21. his operation is repeated until the level of the water in the filter-tank 20 covers the tops of the filters 22, at which level the discharge-mouth or. lower end of the long leg of the siphon 21 is also submerged. Themixing-tank 2 will then cease to discharge (excepting to allow completion'of action of the siphon if already in progress when such level is reached in the filter-tank), but overflow in the upper or mixing-tank is nevertheless revented by the operation of the float-Va ve 4. Any one or more of the siphon-filters 22 can now be put in action, by withdrawing the plug 30, closing cock29, filling the siphon-tube with water, then replacing plug 30 and opening cook 29. This sets the siphon-filter in operation; and as soon as thewater-level in the filter-tank falls below the long arm of the siphon 21 from the again dischar e and replenish the level in said filter-tan This process may be repeated indefinitely, the siphon-filters 22 being allowed to operate continuously; or they may be shut 0 at will, the operation in the mixing-tank being also automatically checked in the manner explained.

Havin thus fully described my invention, what I c aim as-new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States-is:-

1.- An apparatus for purifying watercom- 'prisi in oombinatiomta filter-tank or vessel, a teri medium therein and a siphon arranged to raw the water through saidfilter'- medium, a mixing-tank or vessel locate at a higher level, means for supplying water thereto with automatic controlling means to prevent the rise of water above a certain level in said mixi means for feeding chemica s to the water in said tank only when the water is below a certain level therein, and a siphon 'arranged to discharge the water from said mixi tank when the water therein has-attained tank, automatic.

said first-mentioned level, said siphon having.

a greater rate of discharge than the inflow of water to said mixi tank,

2. An apparatus or purifying water having, combination, a means for s11 lying water thereto with automatic contro 'ng means to prevent the rise of water above a certain level, automatic means for feeding chemicals to the water in said vessel only when the water is below'a certain level, a siphon arranged to discharge the contents of said vessel when the water therein attains the first-mentioned level, said siphon having a greater rate of dischar e than the inflow of water-,and means for filtering the water discharged from said vessel.

3. An ap aratus for urifyi water having, in com ination, a ter-ta or vessel, a

siphon arranged to conduct water therefrom,

a filter through which the water is drawn by the action of said siphon, a relatively higher mixing-tank or vessel, a siphon arranged to tank or vessel,

discharge the Water therefrom to said filtertank, said siphon having its discharge branch depending below the maximum water-level in the filter-tank but above the minimum level at which the filter is covered, means for supplying water to the mixing-tank toia level to start thesecond-mentioned siphon, and means for supplying a definite amount of chemicals to such quantity of water as is depending below the maximum water-level in the filter-tank but above the minimum level at which the filter iscovered,"a water supply to the mixing-tank with automatic controlli means to limit the flow to such level as w start the discharge siphonitherefrom,.said siphon having a greater rate of discharge than the rate of said sup ly, and chemical-feeding means operative 015 a certain level in said mixing-tank.

5. An ap aratus for purifying water having, in com ination, a mixing-tank or vessel, means for successively supplying a substantiall uniform quantity of water thereto, means or with such quantit of water definite amounts'of chemicals to orm a precipitate therein, means for repeatedly conducting off such quantity of water, and a filter and siphon by means of which the wateris drawn through said filter.

6. An ap aratus for purifying water having, in com ination, a mixing-tank or vessel,

means for successively supplying a substantiall uniform quantity of water thereto, means ormixing with such quantity of water definite amounts of chemicals to form a precipitate therein, a siphon arranged to y below discharge such quantity of Water, and means for filtering the water.

7. An apparatus for purifying water hav-,

ing, in combination, a nuXing-tank or vessel, a water inlet thereinto with automatic controlling means whereby the supply of Water is shut off when a certain level is attained, autoniatic means for suppl 'ng chemical solutions to the water 0 eratlve only below a certain level, means ibr discharging the water from said tank when said firstmentioned level is attained, and means for filtering the water sq discharged.

8.- In an apparatus iforpurifying water,-

the combinatlon of a liquid tank or vesselp oo means for supplying water thereto, and solution feed-cans comprising clos'ed reservoirs having dischar e orifices in their bottoms, said orifices eing arranged to be submerged below the 1 water at a certain leveLIn 9. an a aratus, or uri 'n water, the combinati ch ofv amixing-ta o i' vessel, means for supplying water thereto, means for discharging water therefrom, and a solution feed-can consisting of a closed reservoir having a discharge orifice in its bottom, which orifice is arranged to be submerged at a certain water-levelyjsaid feedcan having an interior partition dividing the same into a lower andupper compartment,

the u per compartment having a dischargemou't in its bottom, an an tube extending from the bottom of the feed-can to. near the to of the lower compartment, anda'n airtuh'e extending fromthe top of said lower compartment to near the top of said upper compartment, whereby a constant love is maintained in the lower compartment.

10. In an apparatus for purging-water, the combination'of a mixing-ta or vessel, means for supplying water thereto, arack adjustably sup orted in said tank to allow for adjusti t e vertical position thereof,

and a solution feed-can supported by said rack consisting of a closed reservoir having 2. discharge orifice in its bottom, whereby the feed-can can be adjusted to have tis discharging orifice submerged at different water-levels, to vary the quantities of solution to be fed to a given quantity of water. 11. In an apparatus for purifying water, the combination of a suitable liquid-contain ing vessel, means for subjecting the water supplied thereto to the action of a chemical solution to form a precipitate, a submerged filtering medium in said vessel, and a si hon for drawing of? the water through said -ltering medium. I

12. In an apparatus for purifying water, the combination of a mixing tank,mea ns for subjecting a quantity of water therein to the action of chemicals to form a precipitate, means for running off the water together with the precipitate into a receptacle at a lower level, a filtering medium in said receptacle, and means for drawing the water by siphonic action through such filtering medium;

13. In an apparatus for purifying water, the combination of a mixing tank or vessel, means for successively supplying thereto a substantially uniform quantity of water, means for introducing precipitate-forming chemicals to such water, automatic means for repeatedly running oil such quantityof water to a lower level, a filtering medium, and-means for drawing oii the water by siphonic action through said filtering medium.

14. In an apparatus for treating water, the combination of a mixing tank or vessel, means for supplying water thereto to a given level, means for discharging the water when such level is attained, and chemical feeding means operating to supply a chemical to the water only when below a certain level lower than the maximum water level.

15. In an apparatus for treating water, the combination of a mixing tank or vessel, means for su plying water thereto, a siphon arranged an having sufiicient capacity for discharging the water from said tankwhen the water reaches a level to operate the siphon, and means for feeding a definite proportion of chemical substance to every such uantity of water in the tank that is dis- 0 arged by one action of said siphon.

16. In an apparatus for treating water, the

combination of a mixing tank or vessel,

means for supplying water thereto,v asiphon for discharging the water from said tank when the water therein reaches a level to operate said siphon, and a closed s'olution feed- 1 ing receptacle in said tank having a discharge orifice below the summit of the siphon.

17. In an apparatus for treating water, the combination of a tank or vessel, means for supplying water thereto, a closed alutionfeeding receptacle in said tank having a bottom discharge orifice which is submerged except when the water is below the level of such orifice, andautomatic means for discharging the water from said tank when a certain level is reached.

18. In an apparatus for treating liquids, the combination of a mixing tank, means for supplying liquidto and discharging it from said tank, and a solution feed-can in said tank comprismg a closed reservoir having alower discharge orifice which is submerged except when the liquid is below a certain level, and means for maintaining a substan- -tially constant level, in said feed-can.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

CARL ROGER DARNALL. Witnesses:

Oseoon H. DOWELL, I. M. human. 

